What is the difference between structuralism and functionalism in psychology's history?

Structuralism, founded by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, aimed to identify the basic elements of conscious experience through introspection, asking subjects to describe their inner sensations in response to stimuli. Functionalism, led by William James, focused on how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment rather than breaking consciousness into parts. James was influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution and asked why we think and behave the way we do.