What is the difference between punishment and reinforcement?

Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, always increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Punishment always decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Positive punishment adds an aversive stimulus to reduce behavior, such as giving a speeding ticket. Negative punishment removes a desirable stimulus to reduce behavior, such as taking away a teenager's phone privileges. Research shows that punishment is less effective than reinforcement for long-term behavior change because it suppresses behavior without teaching an alternative.