How does the human eye convert light into neural signals?

Light enters the eye through the cornea and pupil, is focused by the lens onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina contains two types of photoreceptors: rods, which are sensitive to low light and detect black, white, and gray for night vision, and cones, which operate in bright light and detect color and fine detail. The fovea, the central point of the retina, contains the highest concentration of cones for sharp central vision.