What are the three components of the CIA triad in information security?

The CIA triad consists of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Confidentiality ensures that information is accessible only to authorized individuals through controls like encryption and access controls. Integrity ensures that data is accurate, complete, and unmodified by unauthorized parties through controls like hashing and digital signatures. Availability ensures that systems and data are accessible to authorized users when needed through controls like redundancy and backups.