What are building codes and how do they differ from zoning?

Building codes are regulations that establish minimum standards for the construction, alteration, and maintenance of buildings to protect public health and safety. They cover structural integrity, fire safety, electrical systems, plumbing, ventilation, accessibility, and energy efficiency. Zoning regulates how land is used and where buildings can be placed, while building codes regulate how buildings are constructed and maintained. A project must comply with both. Building inspectors verify compliance during construction, and a certificate of occupancy is issued upon completion.