What is the meaning of "nephrolithiasis"?

Nephrolithiasis means the formation of kidney stones, from nephro meaning kidney, lith meaning stone, and iasis meaning condition or formation of. Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys and can cause severe pain when they move through the urinary tract. The pain, called renal colic, typically radiates from the flank to the groin. Related terms include urolithiasis meaning stones anywhere in the urinary tract, lithotripsy meaning using shock waves to break stones, and lithotomy meaning surgical stone removal.