What are the signs of fluid volume overload?

Fluid volume overload, or hypervolemia, presents with weight gain of more than one kilogram in 24 hours, peripheral edema, distended neck veins also called jugular venous distention, elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse, crackles or rales in the lungs from pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea, decreased hematocrit from hemodilution, and decreased serum sodium from dilution. Common causes include heart failure, renal failure, excessive intravenous fluid administration, and excessive sodium intake.