What are the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection?

Urinary tract infection, or UTI, presents with dysuria which is burning or pain during urination, urinary frequency and urgency, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, suprapubic discomfort, and possibly hematuria. If the infection ascends to the kidneys causing pyelonephritis, symptoms include flank pain, high fever, chills, nausea, and costovertebral angle tenderness. In elderly patients, UTI may present atypically with confusion or altered mental status as the primary symptom, without classic urinary complaints. Urinalysis shows nitrites, leukocyte esterase, white blood cells, and bacteria.