Types of Diuretics: Key Differences

The three main types are thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Thiazides like hydrochlorothiazide act on the distal convoluted tubule and are first-line for mild hypertension but cause potassium loss. Loop diuretics like furosemide act on the loop of Henle and produce the strongest diuresis, used for heart failure and edema, but also cause potassium loss. Potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone act on the collecting duct and retain potassium, often combined with thiazides or loop diuretics to prevent hypokalemia.