How do benzodiazepines work and what are their risks?

Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to GABA-A receptors and increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening. This produces sedation, anxiolysis, muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant effects. Common benzodiazepines include lorazepam, diazepam, alprazolam, and clonazepam. Major risks include dependence with daily use beyond two to four weeks, respiratory depression especially when combined with opioids, falls in elderly patients, and paradoxical agitation.