What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes pharmacotherapy?

Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, so patients require exogenous insulin for survival. Treatment uses basal-bolus insulin regimens combining long-acting and rapid-acting insulin, or insulin pumps. Type 2 diabetes results from insulin resistance and progressive beta cell dysfunction. Treatment begins with lifestyle modifications and metformin, adding other oral agents like SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, or sulfonylureas as needed. Many type 2 patients eventually require insulin as beta cell function declines.