What are SGLT2 inhibitors and what unique side effects do they have?

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, or SGLT2 inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and canagliflozin, lower blood glucose by blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, causing excess glucose to be excreted in the urine. They reduce hemoglobin A1C, promote weight loss, and lower blood pressure. Major benefits include proven cardiovascular protection and slowing of chronic kidney disease progression.