What is shoulder surfing and how is it prevented?

Shoulder surfing is the practice of looking over someone's shoulder or using visual observation to capture sensitive information such as passwords, PINs, credit card numbers, or confidential documents displayed on screens. It can occur in offices, public spaces, airports, coffee shops, and ATMs. Prevention measures include privacy screen filters that narrow the viewing angle of displays, positioning monitors away from public view, using biometric authentication instead of typed passwords, being aware of surroundings when entering sensitive information, and implementing clean desk policies