What is a mechanic's lien and who can file one?

A mechanic's lien is a specific, involuntary lien that protects contractors, subcontractors, laborers, and material suppliers who have provided work or materials to improve real property but have not been paid. The lien attaches to the property itself, not to the owner personally, meaning the property can be sold to satisfy the unpaid debt. Filing requirements vary by state but generally require a notice of intent and filing within a statutory deadline after work completion. Mechanic's liens can take priority over mortgages in some states if the work began before the mortgage was recorded.