Furosemide: Mechanism and Side Effects

Furosemide, brand name Lasix, is a loop diuretic that inhibits the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle, preventing reabsorption of these electrolytes and producing powerful diuresis. It is used for acute pulmonary edema, heart failure, and renal failure. Major side effects include hypokalemia, hyponatremia, dehydration, hypotension, ototoxicity especially with rapid intravenous administration, and hyperuricemia that can trigger gout. Electrolytes, kidney function, and fluid status should be monitored closely.