Statins: Effects and Side Effects

Statins, also called HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, lower cholesterol by blocking the enzyme that produces cholesterol in the liver. Common statins include atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin, all ending in "statin." They reduce LDL cholesterol, raise HDL cholesterol, and lower cardiovascular event risk. The most important side effect is myopathy, or muscle damage, ranging from mild muscle pain called myalgia to severe rhabdomyolysis that can cause kidney failure. Patients should report unexplained muscle pain, weakness, or dark urine.